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For virtually all of its history, the AFL has received considerable material and training assistance from the United States. [172], Higher education is provided by a number of public and private universities. [215], The Liberian government has begun transitioning away from use of United States customary units to the metric system. Category:Headlands of Liberia . [120], In 2003, additional UN sanctions were placed on Liberian timber exports, which had risen from US$5 million in 1997 to over US$100 million in 2002 and were believed to be funding rebels in Sierra Leone. [198] As of November17, 2014[update], there were 2,812 confirmed deaths from the ongoing outbreak. The "Black Continent" is divided roughly in two by the equator and surrounded by sea except where the Isthmus of Suez joins it to Asia. [73] Four terrestrial ecoregions lie within Liberia's borders: Guinean montane forests, Western Guinean lowland forests, Guinean forestsavanna mosaic, and Guinean mangroves. 15th-century Portuguese navigators named itfor the cavalla (or horse mackerel) found at its mouth. The House, led by a speaker, has 73 members apportioned among the 15 counties on the basis of the national census, with each county receiving a minimum of two members. [216] However, this change has been gradual, with government reports concurrently using both United States Customary and metric units. However, Lincoln in 1862 described Liberia as only "in a certain sensea success", and proposed instead that free people of color be assisted to emigrate to Chiriqu, today part of Panama. B Bushrod Island P Providence Island, Liberia Islands by country Islands of Africa by country Landforms of Liberia Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata [90] GDP per capita peaked in 1980 at US$496, when it was comparable to Egypt's (at the time). km. [76] In September 2014, Liberia and Norway struck an agreement whereby Liberia ceased all logging in exchange for $150 million in development aid. [85], Liberia is divided into fifteen counties, which, in turn, are subdivided into a total of 90 districts and further subdivided into clans. Americo-Liberians formed into a small elite that held disproportionate political power; indigenous Africans were excluded from birthright citizenship in their own land until 1904.[11][12]. Four types of soil are found in Liberia. [43], After Liberia adopted a new constitution in 1985, Doe was elected president in subsequent elections that were internationally condemned as fraudulent. [89], Liberia's highest judicial authority is the Supreme Court, made up of five members and headed by the Chief Justice of Liberia. [72], Forests on the coastline are composed mostly of salt-tolerant mangrove trees, while the more sparsely populated inland has forests opening onto a plateau of drier grasslands. [84] Since 2006, the international community has paid for all garbage collection and disposal in Monrovia via the World Bank. [126] Since 1926 Firestone has operated the world's largest rubber plantation in Harbel, Margibi County. [95] A history of corruption among police officers diminishes public trust and operational effectiveness. [80] The West African pariah dog is also a host for Tbg. Competition for office was usually contained within the party; a party nomination virtually ensured election. [155], As of the 2017 national census, Liberia was home to 4,694,608 people. Monrovia (/ m n r o v i /) is the capital city of the West African country of Liberia.Founded in 1822, it is located on Cape Mesurado on the Atlantic coast and as of the 2008 census had 1,010,970 residents, home to 29% of Liberia's total population. [80] This causes the disease nagana. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}630N 930W / 6.500N 9.500W / 6.500; -9.500. Founding of Liberia, 1847 The founding of Liberia in the early 1800s was motivated by the domestic politics of slavery and race in the United States as well as by U.S. foreign policy interests. Together with the vice president, the president is elected to a six-year term by majority vote in a two-round system and can serve up to two terms in office. "China and Liberia: Engagement in a Post-Conflict Country 20032013". It was among the few African countries to maintain its sovereignty during the Scramble for Africa. Adolescent girls are the most frequently assaulted, and almost 40% of perpetrators are adult men known to victims. Liberia is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean, Ivory Coast, Guinea, and Sierra Leone. [bettersourceneeded][1], English is the official language and serves as the lingua franca of Liberia. It was founded during the administration of U.S. Pres. Mande-speaking people expanded from the north and east, forcing many smaller ethnic groups southward toward the Atlantic Ocean. 1820 to 1847 | History Of Liberia: A Time Line | Articles and Essays [39], In the mid-20th century, Liberia gradually began to modernize with American assistance. Most of these Christian denominations were brought by African-American settlers moving from the United States into Liberia via the American Colonization Society, while some are indigenousespecially Pentecostal and evangelical Protestant ones. [49] The Second Liberian Civil War began in 1999 when Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy, a rebel group based in the northwest of the country, launched an armed insurrection against Taylor. [1], The Legislature is composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Other ingredients include cassava, fish, bananas, citrus fruit, plantains, coconut, okra and sweet potatoes. In Liberia the shield has been intensely folded and faulted and is interspersed with iron-bearing formations known as itabirites. Liberia was the first African republic to proclaim its independence and is Africa's first and oldest modern republic. [86] Montserrado is also the most populous county with 1,144,806 residents as of the 2008 census. [76] In 2012, President Sirleaf granted licenses to companies to cut down 58% of all the primary rainforest left in Liberia. The Wologizi mountains are an isolated area of upland located in north-west of the country, to the south of the town of Voinjama. [68], Liberia's main northwestern boundary is traversed by the Mano River while its southeast limits are bounded by the Cavalla River. Liberia mountains list | peakery It hosts FIFA World Cup qualifying matches in addition to international concerts and national political events. The country's major rivers include the Mano River in the northwest and the Cavalla River in the southeast. The countrys first post-conflict elections, held in 2005, were noteworthy for the election of Ellen Johnson Sirleaf to the presidency, as she was the first woman to be elected head of state in Africa. Liberia's Latitude is 6.428055 and Longitude is -9.429499. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. [14], Undated Acheulean (ESA) artifacts are well documented across West Africa. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. "Gender Roles, Marriage and Family", Economic Community of West African States, Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy, highest population growth rate in the world, Omnibus Foreign Trade and Competitiveness Act, "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022", "July 26, 1847 Liberian independence proclaimed", Liberia: History, Geography, Government, and Culture, "Praise for the woman who put Liberia back on its feet", "Liberians: An Introduction to their History and Culture", "A quantitative analysis of Liberian colonization from 1820 to 1843 with special reference to mortality", "Address on Colonization to a Deputation of Negroes", "These Abandoned Buildings Are the Last Remnants of Liberia's Founding History", "How a former slave gave a quilt to Queen Victoria", "Frontline/World Liberia No More War Liberia's Historic Ties to America PBS", "Independent Lens Iron Ladies of Liberia Liberian History PBS", Elections Chief Hints Slashing Numbers of Mushrooming Parties for 2005 Polls, "Elections history in Africa's oldest democratic republic: Liberia", "Commission's Report: International Commission of Enquiry in Liberia", "Pan-Africanism Revisited: Vision and Reality of African Unity and Development", "Liberia and the United States: A Complex Relationship", "Liberia's civil war: Fiddling while Monrovia burns", "Profile: Leymah Gbowee Liberia's 'peace warrior', "Taylor resigns as president of Liberia, leaves the country", "Liberia: UNMIL extends deployment as more troops arrive", United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, "LiberiaNigeria: "Time to bring Taylor issue to closure," says Sirleaf", "Taylor Sent Off to Face War Crimes Charges", "War-battered nation launches truth commission", "Tuesday, July 26, is National Independence Day; to be Observed as National Holiday", "Sirleaf seen winning Liberia run-off vote", "From Football King To Liberian President George Weah's Journey", "Top 10 youngest serving presidents in Africa, 2018", "George Weah sworn in as Liberia's president", "Building effective climate governance in Liberia Liberia", "Multinational Investment and the Development of an Export Industry: Rubber in Liberia", "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm", "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity Supplementary Material", "Poaching in Liberia's Forests Threatens Rare Animals", 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T10032A18567171.en, "Extinction is forever: A crisis that is Liberia's endangered wildlife", "The elimination of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense? Next is the region of rolling hills about 32 km wide and an average elevation of 90 m. Beyond that is a dissected plateau with scattered mountains. [47] From 1989 to 1997 around 60,000 to 80,000 Liberians died, and, by 1996, around 700,000 others had been displaced into refugee camps in neighboring countries. [68] Liberia's three largest rivers are St. Paul exiting near Monrovia, the river St. John at Buchanan, and the Cestos River, all of which flow into the Atlantic. [74] It had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 4.79/10, ranking it 116th globally out of 172 countries. On average, children attain 10 years of education (11 for boys and 8 for girls). Pressure from the United Kingdom, which controlled Sierra Leone to the northwest, and France, with its interests in the north and east, led to a loss of Liberia's claims to extensive territories. [60] In 2011, July 26 was proclaimed by President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf to be observed as National Independence Day. The 1988 Omnibus Foreign Trade and Competitiveness Act designated the metric system as "the preferred system of weights and measures for United States trade and commerce," but in practice the system is in mixed usage, with the population generally preferring customary units and industries either fully metric or mixed. [76], Endangered species are hunted for human consumption as bushmeat in Liberia. This makes them the youngest examples of such MSA technology anywhere in Africa. Later Stone Age (LSA) populations evidence significant technological diversification, including both microlithic and macrolithic traditions. Liberia is the only Black state in Africa never subjected to colonial rule and is Africas oldest republic. The coastal plains are about 350 miles (560 km) long and extend up to 25 miles (40 km) inland. Edward Wilmot Blyden, Bai T. Moore, Roland T. Dempster and Wilton G. S. Sankawulo are among Liberia's more prominent authors. [80] Much research into Tbg was performed in the 1970s by Mehlitz and by Gibson, both working in Bong Mine with samples from around the country. (2007). The Constitution calls for the election of various chiefs at the county and local level, but these elections have not taken place since 1985 due to war and financial constraints. [100], Corruption is endemic at every level of the Liberian government. [49] By July 2003, the rebels had launched an assault on Monrovia. km, Nimba is the largest country and Montserrado is the most populous one. [33] In 1914, Imperial Germany accounted for three quarters of the trade of Liberia. [1] An informal system of traditional courts still exists within the rural areas of the country, with trial by ordeal remaining common despite being officially outlawed. and an interim government took power the following October. Category:Islands of Liberia - Wikipedia [35], In 1927, the country's elections again showed the power of the True Whig Party, with electoral proceedings that have been called some of the most rigged ever;[36] the winning candidate was declared to have received votes amounting to more than 15 times the number of eligible voters. As of 2016, it had approximately 9,118 students. During World War II, Liberia supported the United States war effort against Germany, and in turn received considerable American investment in infrastructure, which aided the country's wealth and development. For a treatment of earlier periods and of the country in its regional context, see western Africa. [186][187] A number of highly communicable diseases are widespread, including tuberculosis, diarrheal diseases and malaria. [citation needed] On July 16, 1892, Martha Ann Erskine Ricks met Queen Victoria at Windsor Castle and presented her a handmade quilt, Liberia's first diplomatic gift.