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Thats the only smoking gun in the film.. So anyway, he walked in, and he handed me the camera. Abe Zapruder had no idea when he took his 8-millimeter camera down to Dealey Plaza on November 22, 1963 that he would record President Kennedy's assassination. Time Inc. filed a lawsuit against Thompson and his publishing company for copyright infringement. Nallis model shows that the wound wasnt where the bullet exited, but where it entered. Weitzman set up his own optical house and motion-picture postproduction facility later that year. She also focuses on the Warren Commission testimony of Clint Hill, the Secret Service agent who jumped onto the back of the Presidents limousine. "I started shooting--- when the motorcade started coming in, I believe I started and wanted to get it coming in from Elm St." ( Testimony of Abraham Zapruder, 7 H 571 ) Volume 18 of the commission's hearings reproduced 158 frames from the Zapruder film in black and white. She said, As I snapped the picture I heard a shot ring out Then I heard another shot ring out and Mrs. Kennedy jumped up in the car I heard three or four shots in all., Sheriff William Decker, who was in the lead car, which was so far to the west it was almost at the underpass, said, As the Motorcade was proceeding down Elm Street, I distinctly remember hearing 2 shots. We also know that the CIA destroyed its records of the films stay at that lab. Garrison unsuccessfully subpoenaed the original film in 1968. Zapruder was one of at least 32 people in Dealey Plaza known to have made film or still photographs at or around the time of the shooting. For an instant, Abe and Marilyn stood stunned on the concrete stump, paralyzed by what had just happened. Music. Holland and Rush argue that the break in the Zapruder film might conceal a first shot earlier than analysts have hitherto assumed, and point out that in this case a horizontal traffic mast would temporarily have obstructed Oswald's view of his target. I believe that this experiment proves that the stop could have been edited out and the resulting film would show that the vehicle had only slowed down when it completely stopped.More evidence of editing: missing frames Four hundred and eighty six frames later, Zapruder had not only captured history, he had made it. "[19], In 1967, Life hired New Jersey film lab Manhattan Effects to make a 16 mm film copy of the Zapruder film's original version. One can take imagery from another location, say the intersection of Elm and Houston, and in front of the TSBD, during what I call the Zapruder Gap. In early 1967, Life released a statement saying that four frames of the original (frames 208211) were accidentally destroyed, and the adjacent frames damaged, by a Life photo lab technician on November 23, 1963. Life refused to approve the use of any of the frames, even after Thompson offered to give all profits from the book sales to Life. Zapruder, armed with his Super Eight camera, filmed what would be the only movie footage of the assassination. Scientist's Trick 'Explains' JFK Backward Movement When Shot So decisions made as to what could be seen in the composite had to be across-the-board convincing of the cover story, at least within the limits of argument. But if the Nix film was missing frames, how could that be ? Up on the concrete ledge, Abe looked out for the motorcade. Critics have offered a large number of credible reasons for concluding that the version of the Zapruder film now preserved in the National Archives is not the untouched camera original. 161 ). Somehow Abe got back to the office. The 1963 Zapruder film, taken by Abraham Zapruder, is derived from the six-foot strip of celluloid contained in the U.S. National Archives, scientifically pr. He had open ties to the CIA. Costella was talking about the technical aspects of the film and not the content of the film. I can understand why the Z-film was sequestered. As he filmed, Abraham Zapruder knew instantly that President Kennedy Hired in 1969, employee and assassination buff Robert Groden used one of Weitzman's copies and an optical printer to make versions of the Zapruder film with close-ups and minimize the shakiness of Zapruder's camera. But critics have pointed out those things that make the films provenance suspect; its images are chock-full of unexplained anomalies as well as inconsistencies between the Zapruder film and Dealey Plaza eyewitness testimony. Something happened. Over on Main, Orville Nix was waiting with a movie camera and color film, as well. Such a possibility may explain why those frames were removed. This would contradict the Commissions central finding that JFK was killed by a single shooter. For your convenience, here are links to frames that appear before, during, and after Jackie gets to the farthest place on the trunk. Consider the distance between Jackies right hand and the left handhold grasped by Clint Hill. The Zapruder film was automatically designated an "assassination record" and therefore became the official property of the United States government. The first Bang can cause the little muscles supporting the eardrum to contract defensively, making one temporarily deaf to a second Bang. I put my right foot, I believe it was, on the left rear step of the automobile, and I had a hold of the handgrip with my hand, when the car lurched forward. When we contemplate the possibility the Zapruder film was altered, we tend to think first of the type of alteration accomplished by replacing authentic frames with forged or composite frames. Incredibly, the Zapruder film was withheld from the American public for nearly 12 years. Lets say 18 X 15 frames, or 270 frames are missing from the Zapruder Gap. There are 108+ witnesses who say something different happened than the favored conspiracy theories based on the Zapruder Film, or the Official Story about what happened during the assassination. Part of the motorcade route through Dallas. When the work was complete, Dino Brugioni reviewed the briefing boards and notes with his superior, Arthur Lundahl, whom he had called and requested come to the facility. I have watched that documentary, and I firmly believe that Dino Brugioni is a competent, credible, honest and forth-right expert who clearly and cogently presented evidence that proves the Zapruder film was altered; frames missing, showing more visuals of the brain matter shooting higher up in the air, the motorcade stopping, etc. All Rights Reserved. And in real life, as demonstrated by the chart from the Military Armament Corporation, there are also manifold opportunities for fabrication and distortion. You're right, except that the headshot could not be edited. As a result, the Justice Department awarded the Zapruder family $16 million for the original print in 1999. From those slides, the FBI made a series of black-and-white prints, which were given to the commission for its use. There have been many people who have claimed to have seen an unaltered complete filming of the assassination. (Documented below.). But he testified that he did so immediately after hearing the first shot. The Truth Behind JFK's Assassination. Filmed by Abraham Zapruder. He was by himself on the plaza, distraught and in a daze, with the camera still in his hand and the case slung over his shoulder, when he encountered Harry McCormick, a reporter from the Dallas Morning News. For more on this, go here.). To see a slow motion of the sequence showing Jackie on the trunk, please go here. It was lying in the rear seat of the car There was so much blood you could not tell if there had been any other wound or not, except for the one large gaping wound in the right rear portion of this head. Z-381, Z-382, Z-383, Z-384, Z-385, Z-386, Z-387, Z-388, Z-389, Z-390, Z-391, Z-392, Z-393, Z-394, Z-395, Z-396. Orville Nix was filming the motorcade from the plaza on the south side of Elm St., on the opposite side of the limo from Zapruder. "I saw the president lean over to Jacqueline. "Some people were screaming," she said. A small number of witnesses said shooting happened there. There is no question that the Zapruder film. Abraham Zapruder stood on a concrete pedestal along Elm Street in Dealey Plaza holding a Model 414 PD Bell & Howell Zoomatic Director Series Camera. Since he suffered from vertigo, this was a real possibility. What Does the Zapruder Film Really Tell Us? - Smithsonian Magazine Re:R. Andrew Kiel-you are " Spot On ". Statements by Zapruder and Marilyn Sitzman, the woman who assisted him while he operated his camera, suggested that he DID film the turn onto Elm Street. By Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), https://www.history.com/news/what-happened-to-the-zapruder-film. The president's elbows fly up, his face distorted in pain, and he suddenly hunches forward as his wife looks at Governor Connally, sitting in the jump seat across from them, before turning back to her husband with visible confusion on her face. I believe most folks would agree with that. I dont know if you have ever laid down close to the ground when you heard the reports coming, but its a whole lot plainer than it is when you are standing up in the air. Simply the scene content of the inside of the p. limo. I guess there was a noise, but it didnt seem like any different noise really because there is so much noise, motorcycles and things. It is apparent that by frame 225 the President is reacting to his throat wound. (p.671), Motion pictures, when they were first sought to be introduced in evidence, were frequently objected to and sometimes excluded on the theory that they afforded manifold opportunities for fabrication and distortion. He told Lane that his film "got lost in the processing plant" and that when he got it back, it was missing frames. "And then I realized," Abe said. Other witnesses had the same impression. It seemed everyone had the same idea. Years later, in an interview she gave with my mother, Marilyn remembered, "When they started to make their first turn, turning into the street, he said, 'OK, here we go.' Holland and Rush suggest that the pause could have had great significance for the interpretation of the assassination. I immediately looked to my right, and, in so doing, my eyes had to cross the Presidential limousine and I saw President Kennedy grab at himself and lurch forward and to the left. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. For instance, On November 24, 1963, while Lee Harvey Oswald was being moved from a detention cell to an interrogation room . 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. [21] Zapruder's film was aired as part of a Los Angeles area television newscast on February 14, 1969. Erin Blakemore is a journalist from Boulder, Colorado. But a film can also be altered by simply deleting frames. JFK's Revenge - the Zapruder Film was Altered - YouTube Supposedly, the camera-original film and one copy was Rear wheel contact on Webb's back. McCormick had been at the Trade Mart waiting for the president to arrive when he heard of the shooting. NARA may make a single fair-use copy of the film and sell it to any researcher. 'Parkland' review: Looking back at JFK assassination The film being "lost in the processing plant" destroys its chain-of-possession. I believe more than we know. But it does provide perspective and landmarks in the background. [40], Some critics have stated that the violence and shock of this home movie led to a new way of representing violence in 1970s American cinema, both in mainstream films, and particularly in indie and underground horror movies.[41][42]. Frames were also published in color in the December 6, 1963 special "John F. Kennedy Memorial Edition", and in issues dated October 2, 1964 (a special article on the film and the Warren Commission report), November 25, 1966, and November 24, 1967. Removal of too many frames on that film would be noticeable. When the lead motorcycles rounded Houston to Elm Street, he started filming, only to stop when he realized that it was not the president's car yet. [10][12], Brugioni thought the Zapruder Film in the National Archives today, and available to the public, has been altered from the version of the film he saw and worked with on November 2324. ( Decker Exhibit 5323, 19 H 467 ) everybody was laying flat on the ground almost. Another spot was blocked by a tree. As you will see from what follows, this is a crucial question. Abraham Zapruder was known by everyone around him as someone who loved making these home movies and films. . OK, call that a short one second, between gunshots. He filmed from the time the presidential limousine turned onto Elm Street[1] for a total of 26.6seconds, exposing 486 frames of standard 8 mm KodachromeII safety film, running at an average of 18.3 frames/second. 20 ) The Zapruder film, silent but in color, shows a motorcade led by two open-top limousines proceeding at a stately pace through a street lined with people.